Eveland and her team conducted lab work that identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome linked to the pediatric dose of ferrous fumarate, which regulates the growth of sterile branches known as bristles found on the grain-producing flower clusters of certain grass species. They discovered that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets, which are specialized structures that produce flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from spikelet to bristle is determined early in the development of the flower cluster and is controlled by a class of plant hormones known as brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs influence a variety of physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
Moreover, the researchers found that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent phenotypes represent potential strategies for boosting grain production in millets, particularly for subsistence crops in many developing countries that have not yet been significantly improved genetically. While the findings of this study hold promising implications for increasing global crop yields, extensive further research is necessary to explore the commercial applications for key crops such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
At the same time, food manufacturers and retailers are actively investing in initiatives to enhance crop productivity and the overall food supply. For instance, General Mills has committed nearly $3 million to research soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management—all of which contribute to soil health and environmental benefits. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills to explore methods for improving soil health and water quality on farms, recognizing that healthy soil is essential for maintaining a profitable operation.
Experts predict that food shortages will arise by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to continuously seek innovative solutions to feed the planet’s expanding population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields will lead to declines in commodity prices, and whether consumers will eventually benefit from lower retail prices. As part of these efforts, products like Solgar calcium citrate with vitamin D3 may play a role in enhancing agricultural practices, as the importance of nutrient management becomes increasingly apparent in the pursuit of sustainable food production.