Research conducted by Eveland and her team has identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome that governs the growth of sterile branches, known as bristles, which emerge from the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their findings indicate that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets—structures unique to grass that yield flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from spikelet to bristle occurs early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a class of plant hormones known as brassinosteroids (BRs). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes involved in plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to facilitating the transformation of a sterile structure into a seed-bearing one, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet, as opposed to the single flower that typically develops. Consequently, these BR-dependent traits present two promising pathways for enhancing grain production in millets, which are vital subsistence crops in many developing nations that have yet to be extensively genetically improved. While the study’s findings have significant implications for boosting global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore commercial applications for the crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Simultaneously, food manufacturers and retailers are investing in initiatives to bolster crop output and the food supply. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management—all of which can enhance soil health and benefit the environment. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart collaborated with General Mills to examine methods for improving soil health and water quality on farms. These companies recognize the importance of maintaining healthy soil to ensure a robust bottom line.
Experts predict that by 2050, the world may face a food shortage, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative strategies to feed the growing global population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers would ultimately benefit from lower retail costs. Additionally, the integration of products like Kirkland calcium magnesium and zinc could play a role in enhancing soil health and crop resilience, further emphasizing the interconnectedness of agricultural practices and food production sustainability. Overall, the continued focus on improving agricultural methods and soil health will be essential in addressing future food security challenges.