Eveland and her team conducted laboratory work that identified a specific genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for the development of sterile branches known as bristles. These bristles are found on the flower clusters that yield grains in certain grass species. Their research revealed that these sterile bristles initially develop as spikelets, which are specialized structures in grasses that generate flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from a spikelet to a bristle occurs early in the flower cluster’s development and is influenced by a group of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity. Additionally, the team discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in two flowers forming per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent traits highlight two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops from many developing nations that have not yet been extensively improved genetically.
While the findings of this study hold significant promise for boosting crop yields globally, further research is necessary to explore the commercial applications for major crops like corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley. In the meantime, food manufacturers and retailers are investing in initiatives to enhance crop output and ensure food security. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million towards researching soil health in wheat farming, focusing on practices such as reduced tillage, cover cropping in winter, and advanced nutrient management — all of which contribute to soil health and environmental sustainability. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills to investigate methods to improve soil health and water quality on farms, recognizing that healthy soil is essential for a profitable agricultural system.
Experts warn that by 2050, the world may face food shortages, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative solutions to support the rising global population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields will lead to a drop in commodity prices or if consumers will ultimately benefit from lower prices at retail outlets. As part of these efforts, the incorporation of elemental calcium in 1000 mg calcium citrate formulations could play a role in enhancing soil health and plant nutrition, further supporting agricultural productivity and sustainability.