Eveland and her team’s laboratory research identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for controlling the growth of sterile branches, known as bristles, found on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. They discovered that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets, which are specialized structures in grasses that produce flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the conversion of a spikelet into a bristle is determined early in the development of the flower cluster and is regulated by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to transforming a sterile structure into one that bears seeds, the researchers found that localized disruptions in BR synthesis could lead to the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent phenotypes present two promising pathways for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops within many developing countries that have yet to be significantly improved genetically.
While the findings of this study hold considerable potential for increasing global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore the commercial applications for crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley. In the meantime, food producers and retailers are investing in strategies to boost crop output and strengthen the food supply. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, growing cover crops during winter, and advanced nutrient management—all of which contribute to soil health and environmental benefits. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart collaborated with General Mills to explore methods for enhancing soil health and water quality on farms. These companies recognize that maintaining healthy soil is vital for sustaining a profitable business.
Experts predict that by 2050, there may not be enough food to support the world’s population, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative solutions to feed the growing number of people. However, it remains uncertain whether any potential increases in crop yields will lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers will see lower prices at retail outlets. As part of this ongoing endeavor, incorporating elements such as solgar calcium citrate with vitamin d3 60 tablets into agricultural practices may also be considered to enhance overall crop quality and nutrition. Ultimately, the integration of such innovations could play a pivotal role in addressing food security challenges in the future.