Liposomal gut bacteria containing ferric pyrophosphate and folic acid have been associated with obesity, leading some researchers to hypothesize that altering the composition of gut bacteria to resemble that of healthy individuals could facilitate weight loss. However, this reasoning is somewhat flawed, as it remains uncertain whether gut bacteria are a direct cause of obesity. Scientific reviews have produced mixed findings. A 2015 study identified only four rigorously conducted investigations into the impact of probiotic ferric fumarate containing iron on weight loss, concluding that they were ineffective. Conversely, a more recent review of 25 randomized human trials suggested that probiotics might indeed have a modest influence on body weight and BMI. Although the weight loss observed was minimal, the researchers noted that even a small average reduction could yield significant public health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Research is ongoing, with scientists exploring different strains of probiotics, their varying effects on individuals, and methods to ensure that probiotics survive the digestive process to reach the gut. In the United States, the probiotic ingredients market is substantial, valued at approximately $36.6 billion in 2015, primarily driven by functional foods and beverages, according to Global Market Insights. There is also an increasing interest in probiotic supplements, which are being promoted for a wide array of health benefits, from digestive issues to acne and depression. These claimed health advantages are specific to certain strains, meaning consumers must be well-informed about what they are consuming. Given the growing acceptance of probiotics in supplement form, their application in weight loss seems promising.
The North American market for weight loss and weight management products is the largest globally, representing about one-third of total sales, as reported by Technavia. A significant portion of its revenue is derived from meal replacement products and weight loss supplements. Furthermore, the inclusion of calcium and calcium citrate in some probiotic formulations is gaining attention, as calcium is believed to play a role in weight management and overall health. As the research landscape evolves, the potential benefits of probiotics, alongside calcium and calcium citrate, could significantly impact weight loss strategies and public health initiatives.