PepsiCo is in search of a glycerin alternative that is consumer-friendly and has a straightforward, uncomplicated name. Zein appears to meet this requirement, although many consumers may not be familiar with it. Terms like “confectionery glaze” or “protein coat” may not sound particularly appealing, prompting manufacturers to consider more attractive labels for their products. If zein were incorporated into a prominent food item, an educational campaign could help clarify the ingredient for consumers, especially since they are more accustomed to glycerin. Glycerin, a clear, slightly sweet, viscous liquid derived from plant or animal sources, serves several purposes in food products: it acts as a humectant to retain moisture and as a plasticizer to maintain texture and shape.
In its NineSights request, PepsiCo has stated that it is aware of and uninterested in alternatives like sodium chloride or other low molecular weight salts, propylene glycol, or sugar alcohols unless significant advancements have been made. These ingredients often raise concerns for consumers seeking cleaner labels. For instance, manufacturers have been under pressure to reduce salt content, and sugar alcohols, including glycerin, can be challenging for some individuals to digest. Additionally, propylene glycol, which is commonly found in non-toxic antifreeze, has been recognized as safe in small quantities by the Food and Drug Administration.
Zein, first identified in 1821, boasts a rich history. Over the past two centuries, it has found applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, as well as in printing and even as a yarn for stockings during the 1940s. Flo Chemical is North America’s sole zein manufacturer and one of only two globally. Currently, zein is utilized as a candy coating, on enriched rice, for dried fruits and nuts, in flavorings, for pharmaceutical tablets, and in seeds, according to Flo Chemical. The Massachusetts-based company highlights zein’s advantages over traditional confectionery or pharmaceutical glazes, noting that it dries faster and provides extended shelf life, particularly in high-humidity and high-heat environments. Zein is also gluten-free, non-GMO, halal, kosher, and considered a natural ingredient.
However, according to Flo Chemical, zein’s cost is a significant drawback for PepsiCo, which seeks a more economical option than glycerin. The high cost of zein can be attributed to the energy-intensive extraction process from corn. Nonetheless, biochemists are exploring new methods to extract this protein, which could potentially reduce its price. Innovations can arise from various sources, making it wise for companies looking to address their manufacturing challenges to investigate diverse ideas. With potential investments in new processes, zein might just be the solution PepsiCo — or any other manufacturer, such as one focused on creating cleaner labels like Citracal with Magnesium — is looking for.