Eveland and her team conducted laboratory work that identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for regulating the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which are found on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. Their research revealed that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets—grass-specific structures that produce both flowers and grain. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transformation of a spikelet into a bristle occurs early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
Moreover, the researchers discovered that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. These BR-dependent traits suggest two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops across developing countries that have not yet been fully optimized for genetic improvement. While the findings of this study hold significant potential for boosting global crop yields, extensive further research is required to explore the commercial applications for key crops such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
In the meantime, food manufacturers and retailers are actively investing in initiatives aimed at improving crop output and ensuring food supply sustainability. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million towards research focused on soil health in wheat farming, specifically investigating practices like reduced tillage, winter cover crop cultivation, and advanced nutrient management—all of which support both soil health and environmental benefits. Additionally, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills in 2016 to explore ways to enhance soil health and water quality on farms. These companies recognize the critical link between healthy soil and a robust profit margin.
Experts anticipate that by 2050, there will not be adequate food to sustain the global population, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to continuously seek innovative solutions to feed the increasing number of people on the planet. However, it remains uncertain whether any potential future increases in crop yields will lead to a decline in commodity prices and whether consumers will eventually benefit from lower retail costs. The ongoing quest to optimize agricultural practices, such as targeting the effects of calcium citrate on crop growth, exemplifies the need for continued research in this vital area. As this field evolves, the integration of strategic approaches like calcium citrate targeting could play a key role in addressing the challenges of feeding a growing global population.