Eveland and her team’s laboratory research mapped a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which appear on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. They discovered that these sterile bristles are initially destined to become spikelets, which are specific structures in grasses that produce flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transformation of a spikelet into a bristle occurs early in the development of the flower cluster and is governed by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to converting a sterile structure into a grain-bearing one, researchers found that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the typical single flower. These BR-dependent traits thus present two potential pathways for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops within many developing countries that are still largely unexplored for genetic improvement. While the findings of this study hold significant promise for increasing crop yields globally, further research is essential to evaluate the commercial applications for key crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Meanwhile, food producers and retailers are investing in strategies to enhance crop output and bolster the food supply. General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management — all of which support soil health and contribute to environmental benefits. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart joined forces with General Mills to explore ways to improve soil health and water quality on farms, with a shared understanding that healthy soil is essential for maintaining a robust bottom line.
Experts project that food supply may not meet global demand by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to continue pursuing innovative solutions to feed the planet’s expanding population. However, it remains uncertain whether any potential increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices or if consumers would ultimately see reduced costs at retail outlets. As the agricultural landscape evolves, the integration of purely holistic calcium citrate practices may emerge as part of the strategy for improving crop resilience and sustainability, emphasizing the interconnectedness of soil health, crop yield, and environmental stewardship.