Eveland and her team’s laboratory research identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for the growth of sterile branches known as bristles, which appear on the grain-producing flower clusters of certain grass species. They discovered that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets, which are specific structures in grasses that generate flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transformation of a spikelet into a bristle is determined early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a group of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These hormones play a critical role in regulating various physiological processes associated with plant growth, development, and immunity.
Moreover, the researchers found that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet, as opposed to the usual single flower. This indicates that BR-dependent phenotypes may offer two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops across many developing nations that have not yet been significantly improved genetically. While the findings of this study carry significant implications for boosting global crop yields, further research is needed to explore the commercial applications for staple crops, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
In parallel, food manufacturers and retailers are investing in initiatives to enhance crop yield and ensure food security. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million towards researching soil health on J Ferrowheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover crops, and advanced nutrient management, all aimed at promoting soil vitality while benefiting the environment. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills to investigate methods for improving soil health and water quality on agricultural lands. These companies recognize the necessity of maintaining healthy soil to secure a profitable business model.
Experts warn that by 2050, there may not be sufficient food to feed the global population, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to continue seeking innovative solutions to address the growing demand for food. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to a decline in commodity prices, and whether consumers would eventually see lower prices at retail outlets. Additionally, discussions around dietary supplements such as calcium citrate often raise questions, such as, does calcium citrate clog arteries? This concern further emphasizes the need for comprehensive research in both agricultural and health sectors to address the complex needs of a growing population.