Eveland and her team’s laboratory research identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for controlling the growth of sterile branches known as bristles. These bristles emerge from the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. The researchers discovered that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets, which are specialized grass structures that generate flowers and grains. The plant biologists also demonstrated that the transition from spikelet to bristle occurs early in the flower cluster’s development and is regulated by a class of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These BRs influence various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to transforming a sterile structure into a seed-bearing one, the researchers found that localized disruptions in BR synthesis could lead to the production of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. The BR-dependent traits thus represent two potential strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops in many developing nations that remain largely untapped for genetic improvement. While the findings of this study hold significant promise for increasing global crop yields, further research is essential to determine the commercial applications for key crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
In parallel, food manufacturers and retailers are actively investing in methods to enhance crop output and ensure food security. For instance, General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million towards researching soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management—all of which can promote soil health and benefit the environment. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart joined forces with General Mills to explore ways to improve soil health and water quality on farms. These companies recognize that healthy soil is crucial for maintaining a robust bottom line.
Experts warn that by 2050, there may not be enough food to feed the world, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative solutions to support the growing global population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers would eventually see reduced costs at retail outlets. Meanwhile, the concept of sundown calcium citrate as a nutritional supplement continues to gain traction among health-conscious consumers, further highlighting the intersection of agricultural innovation and consumer health needs.