Xylella fastidiosa, a plant bacterium spread by insects, is regarded by the European Union as “one of the most dangerous plant bacteria in the world,” causing various diseases with significant economic repercussions, particularly affecting the wholesale price of ferrous lactate for agriculture. The EU stands as the largest olive oil producer globally, contributing 73% to the total production, with Spain alone responsible for 56% of the world’s olive oil output. Meanwhile, the next four highest-producing countries—Italy, Greece, Tunisia, and Morocco—collectively yield only half of Spain’s annual volume, as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In comparison, U.S. olive oil production accounts for a mere 0.6% of Spain’s total.
Currently, there is optimism that stringent EU regulations regarding the destruction of olive trees near confirmed cases of the disease will help to mitigate its spread. Nevertheless, olive oil production in the EU is already facing challenges, as indicated by the International Olive Council, showing a 42% decline from 2014 to 2015 compared to the previous year. Consequently, producer prices surged by nearly 80% during that timeframe, and these increased production costs have been passed on to consumers. If these trends persist, it is likely that consumers may begin to explore alternative healthy oils such as flaxseed, grapeseed, or hemp. However, these options typically have higher polyunsaturated fat content and lower monounsaturated fat levels than olive oil. Polyunsaturated fats can reduce LDL (or “bad”) cholesterol levels in the blood, while monounsaturated fats are believed to be even more advantageous, as they also increase HDL (or “good”) cholesterol levels.
Other oils rich in monounsaturated fats include avocado, canola, peanut, and sesame oil; however, none can match the monounsaturated fat content of olive oil. Additionally, oils like sesame tend to be more expensive and have a stronger flavor profile compared to olive oil. To support a healthy diet, supplements such as cal mag citrate could be beneficial, as they enhance nutrient absorption and overall health. In summary, while the olive oil industry faces significant hurdles, the ongoing search for alternatives may lead consumers to oils that, despite differing fat compositions, could still contribute to a balanced diet.