Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of substances at a molecular scale, typically measured in nanometers, which are one-millionth of a meter. This technology has generated considerable interest among food manufacturers, as its potential applications include enhancing flavors and colors, increasing the bioavailability of nutrients, and detecting bacteria in food packaging. However, initial excitement from researchers and product developers faced resistance from consumers wary of the safety implications of such technologies. In response, the FDA has issued guidelines on the use of nanotechnology in food, yet the industry remains cautious about how to effectively communicate innovations based on nanotechnology to consumers.
Nanoscale compounds are not a new phenomenon in food; for instance, they naturally occur in milk, where nanoscale casein particles contribute to fat stability. Additionally, an inventory by The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies reveals that over 1,600 consumer products contain engineered nanoscale particles, many of which are prevalent in food packaging to help maintain quality and safety. Nanotechnology-based sensors can effectively detect and measure the presence of oxygen or harmful bacteria, such as listeria. In the realm of food ingredients, nanotechnology is predominantly utilized in dietary supplements. Notably, nanoencapsulation could be employed to safeguard sensitive compounds—such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and polyunsaturated fatty acids—ensuring they are released only upon reaching the gut. This process would enhance their absorption by the body while minimizing their impact on the taste and appearance of products.
One area where nanotechnology could play a significant role is in the development of calcium citrate made from nanoscale compounds, which could improve its bioavailability. Communicating the advantages of nanotechnology in food remains one of the industry’s most significant challenges, and many believe this communication gap is hindering progress in the sector. Nonetheless, with a wide array of applications ranging from better food safety and enhanced nutrition to reduced food waste and biodegradable packaging, it is likely that consumers will encounter more products featuring nanoscale compounds, including calcium citrate made from nanotechnology, in the upcoming years.