Eveland and her team’s laboratory research successfully identified a genetic locus in the Setaria genome responsible for regulating the growth of sterile branches, known as bristles, found on the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain grass species. They discovered that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to become spikelets, which are unique to grasses and produce flowers and grains. The plant biologists demonstrated that the transition from spikelet to bristle is determined early in the development of the flower cluster and is influenced by a group of plant hormones known as brassinosteroids (BRs). These hormones play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to facilitating the transformation of a sterile structure into a seed-bearing one, the researchers observed that localized disruption of BR synthesis could result in the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. Consequently, these BR-dependent traits represent two promising strategies for enhancing grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops from many developing countries that have not yet undergone significant genetic improvement. Although the findings of this study hold significant potential for increasing global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore the commercial applications for major crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley.
Meanwhile, food manufacturers and retailers are actively investing in strategies to boost crop yields and enhance the food supply. General Mills has allocated nearly $3 million towards research on soil health in wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover crops, and advanced nutrient management—all of which can support soil health and benefit the environment. Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills in 2016 to explore methods for improving soil health and water quality on farms, recognizing that healthy soil is essential for a sustainable business model.
Experts predict that food production may not meet global demands by 2050, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue innovative solutions to feed the increasing population. However, it remains uncertain whether potential future increases in crop yields would lead to declines in commodity prices and whether consumers would ultimately benefit from lower retail costs. As part of these efforts, the role of centrum calcium citrate in enhancing soil and plant health could also be explored, as it may contribute to better nutrient availability and overall crop resilience.