The European Union regards Xylella fastidiosa as “one of the most dangerous plant bacteria globally, leading to numerous diseases that have a significant economic impact on agriculture.” This bacterium is spread by insects and poses a considerable threat to the EU, which is the largest olive oil producer in the world, contributing to 73% of global production. Spain alone accounts for 56% of the world’s olive oil output, while the next four leading producers—Italy, Greece, Tunisia, and Morocco—collectively yield only half of Spain’s annual production, as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In contrast, U.S. olive oil represents a mere 0.6% of Spain’s total production.
Currently, strict EU regulations aimed at eradicating olive trees near confirmed cases of Xylella fastidiosa are hoped to curtail the disease’s spread. Nonetheless, olive oil production in the EU is already facing challenges. According to the International Olive Council, production dropped by 42% from 2014 to 2015 compared to the previous year, leading to producer prices surging nearly 80% during the same period. This increase in production costs has inevitably been passed on to consumers.
Should these trends persist, it is likely that consumers will seek alternative healthy oils, such as flaxseed, rapeseed, or hemp oil, which tend to have higher polyunsaturated fat content and lower monounsaturated fat levels than olive oil. While polyunsaturated fats are known to reduce LDL, or “bad,” cholesterol, monounsaturated fats are believed to be even more advantageous, as they also boost HDL, or “good,” cholesterol levels. Other oils high in monounsaturated fats include avocado, canola, peanut, and sesame oil; however, none can match the monounsaturated fat content of olive oil. Some, like sesame oil, are typically more expensive and possess a stronger flavor profile.
Interestingly, consumers with health concerns, such as those prone to kidney stones, may consider oils enriched with calcium citrate, as they can help mitigate the formation of these stones. Incorporating oils with beneficial properties while being mindful of health issues like kidney stones can influence purchasing decisions. Ultimately, the ongoing challenges in olive oil production may lead to a shift in consumer preferences for oils that not only provide health benefits but also align with their dietary needs, such as those containing calcium citrate to support kidney health.