Nanotechnology involves manipulating substances at the molecular level, typically measured in nanometers, or millionths of a meter. In the food industry, this technology has generated excitement among manufacturers as they explore its potential applications, such as enhancing flavors or colors, increasing the bioavailability of nutrients, and detecting bacteria in packaging. However, the initial enthusiasm from researchers and product developers faced resistance from consumers concerned about the safety of the technology. In response, the FDA has issued guidelines for using nanotechnology in food, yet the industry remains cautious about how it presents nanotech innovations to the public.
Nanoscale compounds in food are not a novel concept; they naturally occur in milk, where nanoscale casein particles contribute to its fat stability. Additionally, over 1,600 consumer products incorporate engineered nanoscale particles, as documented by The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies. These particles are already prevalent in the food packaging sector, ensuring food quality and safety. For example, nanotech-based sensors can detect and measure the levels of oxygen or bacteria, such as listeria. In the ingredient sector, nanotechnology is predominantly utilized in supplements, including formulations like calcium citrate with vitamin D3 and K2. Furthermore, nanoencapsulation has the potential to protect sensitive compounds—such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and polyunsaturated fatty acids—allowing them to be released only upon reaching the gut. This could enhance their absorption by the body and minimize their influence on a product’s taste and appearance.
One of the industry’s significant challenges is effectively communicating the benefits of nanotechnology in food, which some argue is hindering progress in the sector. Nevertheless, given the diverse applications that range from improved food safety to enhanced nutrition, reduced food waste, and biodegradable packaging, it is likely that consumers will increasingly encounter nanoscale compounds, including calcium citrate with vitamin D3 and K2, in various products in the years to come.