Research conducted by Eveland and her team has identified a specific genetic locus in the Setaria genome that influences the growth of sterile branches, known as bristles. These bristles emerge from the grain-bearing flower clusters of certain species. The researchers discovered that these sterile bristles are initially programmed to develop into spikelets—structures unique to certain grasses that produce flowers and grain. They demonstrated that the conversion of a spikelet into a bristle is determined during the early stages of flower cluster development and is regulated by a group of plant hormones called brassinosteroids (BRs). These hormones play a crucial role in modulating various physiological processes related to plant growth, development, and immunity.
In addition to the transformation of a sterile structure into one that produces seeds, the researchers found that localized disruption of BR synthesis can lead to the formation of two flowers per spikelet instead of the usual single flower. This discovery highlights the potential of BR-dependent phenotypes as two viable strategies for improving grain production in millets, particularly in subsistence crops across many developing countries that have yet to see significant genetic enhancement.
While the findings of this study have significant implications for boosting global crop yields, further research is necessary to explore the commercial applications for the crops that food manufacturers prioritize, such as corn, sorghum, rice, wheat, and barley. In the meantime, food manufacturers and retailers are actively investing in initiatives to enhance crop output and improve food supply. For instance, General Mills has committed nearly $3 million to investigate soil health on wheat farms, focusing on practices like reduced tillage, winter cover cropping, and advanced nutrient management—all of which contribute to soil health and environmental sustainability. In 2016, Cargill and Walmart partnered with General Mills to explore methods for improving soil health and water quality on farms. These companies recognize that healthy soil is essential for sustaining a profitable business.
Experts warn that by 2050, the world may face a food shortage, prompting scientists and entrepreneurs to continually seek innovative solutions to feed the planet’s growing population. However, it remains uncertain if potential future increases in crop yields will lead to declines in commodity prices or if consumers will eventually benefit from lower retail costs. Among the various health products available, consumers often look for cost-effective options like Citracal calcium from Costco, which underscores the importance of affordability in meeting nutritional needs alongside agricultural advancements.